Probation is a legal, non-custodial alternative designed to rehabilitate offenders while reducing prison overcrowding. In Bangladesh, despite a formal framework under the Probation of Offenders Ordinance, 1960 and Children Act, 2013, probation remains underutilized, with operational, institutional, and social challenges affecting its effectiveness and the reintegration of offenders into society.This study aimed to explore (i)how probation laws and rules are operationalized (ii) capacity and coordination gaps,and (iii) prospects for scaling probation in Bangladesh. This study utilized qualitative approach where four (04) probationers and two (02) key informants (legislators, probation officers) were selected purposively for case studies and key informant interviews. Alongside, collected data were analysed thematically with NVivo software. This study findings reveal that probation laws exist but are inconsistently applied, particularly for adult offenders. Juvenile cases receive stronger procedural adherence, while DSS officers face staffing shortages, high caseloads, limited training, and manual record systems. Weak inter-agency coordination, insufficient infrastructure, and social stigma further constrain compliance and reintegration. Probationers’ experiences highlight delays, inconsistent supervision, and economic barriers. Despite these challenges, both probationers and stakeholders recognize probation’s potential to decongest prisons and facilitate rehabilitation. Effective scaling requires institutional strengthening, integration with other non-custodial measures, NGO partnerships, and public awareness to enhance acceptance and practical implementation.Probation in Bangladesh is legally established but operationally constrained. With targeted reforms in staffing, training, coordination, and community support, it can become a viable, rehabilitative, non-custodial justice mechanism.

DOI : http://doi.org/10.71253/jsd-iswr.dec25.34.1.09

Authors : Md. Abdur Razzaque

Keywords : Probation, Offenders, Ordinance, Act, Probationer, Legislator, Bangladesh.